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Death By Slow Burn - How America Nukes Its Own Troops

 

What 'Support Our Troops' Really Means

 

By Amy Worthington The Idaho Observer 4-16-3

 

 On March 30, an AP photo featured an American pro-war activist holding   a sign: "Nuke the evil scum, it worked in 1945!" That's exactly what   George Bush has done. America's mega-billion dollar war in Iraq has  been indeed a NUCLEAR WAR.

 

 Bush-Cheney have delivered upon 17 million Iraqis tons  of depleted uranium (DU) weapons, a "liberation" gift  that will keep on giving. Depleted uranium is a  component of toxic nuclear waste, usually stored at  secure sites. Handlers need radiation protection gear.

 

  Over a decade ago, war-makers decided to incorporate  this lethal waste into much of the Pentagon's  weaponry. Navy ships carrying Phalanx rapid fire guns  are capable of firing thousands of DU rounds per  minute.1 Tomahawk missiles launched from U.S. ships  and subs are DU-tipped.2 The M1 Abrams tanks are  armored with DU.3 These and British Challenger II  tanks are tightly packed with DU shells, which  continually irradiate troops in or near them.4 The  A-10 "tank buster" aircraft fires DU shells at  machines and people on the battlefield.5

 

 DU munitions are classified by a United Nations  resolution as illegal weapons of mass destruction.  Their use breaches all international laws, treaties  and conventions forbidding poisoned weapons calculated  to cause unnecessary suffering.

 

 Ironically, support for our troops will extend well  beyond the war in Iraq. Americans will be supporting  Gulf War II veterans for years as they slowly and  painfully succumb to radiation poisoning. U.S and  British troops deployed to the area are the walking  dead. Humans and animals, friends and foes in the  fallout zone are destined to a long downhill spiral of chronic illness   and disability. Kidney dysfunction, lung damage, bloody stools,   extreme fatigue, joint pain, unsteady gait, memory loss and rashes   and, ultimately, cancer and premature death await those  exposed to DU.

 

 Award-winning journalist Will Thomas wrote: "As the  last Gulf conflict so savagely demonstrated, GI immune systems reeling   from multiple doses of experimental vaccines offer little defense   against further exposure to chemical weapons, industrial toxins,   stress, caffeine, insect repellent and radiation leftover from  the last war. This is a war even the victors will  lose."6

 

 When a DU shell is fired, it ignites upon impact.  Uranium, plus traces of plutonium and americium,  vaporize into tiny, ceramic particles of radioactive  dust. Once inhaled, uranium oxides lodge in the body  and emit radiation indefinitely. A single particle of  DU lodged in a lymph node can devastate the entire  immune system according to British radiation expert  Roger Coghill.7

 

 The Royal Society of England published data showing  that battlefield soldiers who inhale or swallow high  levels of DU can suffer kidney failure within days.8  Any soldier now in Iraq who has not inhaled lethal radioactive dust is   not breathing. In the first two weeks of combat, 700 Tomahawks, at a   cost of $1.3 million each, blasted Iraqi real estate into  radioactive mushroom clouds.9 Millions of DU tank  rounds liter the terrain. Cleanup is impossible  because there is no place on the planet to put so much  contaminated debris.

 

 Bush Sr.'s Gulf War I was also a nuclear war. 320 tons  of depleted uranium were used against Iraq in 1991.10  A 1998 report by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances confirms that   inhaling DU causes symptoms identical to those claimed by many sick   vets with Gulf War Syndrome.11 The Gulf War Veterans Association   reports that at least 300,000 Gulf War I vets have now  developed incapacitating illnesses.12 To date, 209,000  vets have filed claims for disability benefits based  on service-connected injuries and illnesses from  combat in that war.13

 

 Dr. Asaf Durakovic, a professor of nuclear medicine at Georgetown   University, is a former army medical expert. He told nuclear   scientists in Paris last year that tens of thousands of sick British   and American soldiers are now dying from radiation they encountered  during Gulf War I. He found that 62 percent of sick  vets tested have uranium isotopes in their organs,  bones, brains and urine.14 Laboratories in Switzerland  and Finland corroborated his findings.

 

 In other studies, some sick vets were found to be  expressing uranium in even their semen. Their sexual  partners often complained of a burning sensation  during intercourse, followed by their own debilitating illnesses.15

 

 Nothing compares to the astronomical cancer rates and  birth defects suffered by the Iraqi people who have  endured vicious nuclear chastisement for years.16 U.S.  air attacks against Iraq since 1993 have undoubtedly  employed nuclear munitions. Pictures of grotesquely  deformed Iraqi infants born since 1991 are  overwhelming.17 Like those born to Gulf War I vets,  many babies born to troops now in Iraq will also be  afflicted with hideous deformities, neurological  damage and/or blood and respiratory disorders.18

 

 As an Army health physicist, Dr. Doug Rokke was  dispatched to the Middle East to salvage  DU-contaminated tanks after Gulf War I. His Geiger  counters revealed that the war zones of Iraq and  Kuwait were contaminated with up to 300 millirems an  hour in beta and gamma radiation plus thousands to  millions of counts per minute in alpha radiation.  Rokke recently told the media: "The whole area is  still trashed. It is hotter than heck over there  still. This stuff doesn't go away."19

 

 DU remains "hot" for 4.5 billion years. Radiation  expert Dr. Helen Caldicott confirms that the  dust-laden winds of DU-contaminated war zones "will  remain effectively radioactive for the rest of  time."20 The murderous dust storms which ensnared  coalition troops during the first few days of the  current invasion are sure to have significant health consequences.

 

 Rokke and his clean-up team were issued only flimsy  dust masks for their dangerous work. Of the 100 people  on Rokke's decontamination team, 30 have already  "dropped dead." Rokke himself is ill with radiation  damage to lungs and kidneys. He has brain lesions,  skin pustules, chronic fatigue, continual wheezing and painful   fibromyalgia. Rokke warns that anyone exposed to DU should have   adequate respiratory protection and special coveralls to protect their   clothing because, he says, you can't get uranium particles off your  clothing.

 

 The U.S. military insists that DU on the battlefield  is not a problem. Colonel James Naughton of the U.S.  Army Material Command recently told the BBC that  complaints about DU "had no medical basis."21 The  military's own documents belie this. A 1993 Pentagon  document warned that "when soldiers inhale or ingest  DU dust they incur a potential increase in cancer  risk."22 A U.S. Army training manual requires anyone  who comes within 25 meters of DU-contaminated  equipment to wear respiratory and skin protection.23  The U.S. Army Environmental Policy Institute admitted:  "If DU enters the body, it has the potential to  generate significant medical consequences."24 The  Institute also stated that, if the troops were to  realize what they had been exposed to, "the financial implications of   long-term disability payments and healthcare costs would be   excessive."25 For pragmatic reasons, DOD chooses to lie and deny.

 

 Dr. Rokke confirms that the Pentagon lies about DU  dangers and is criminally negligent for neglecting  medical attention needed by DU-contaminated vets. He  predicts that the numbers of American troops to be  sickened by DU from Gulf War II will be staggering.26  As they gradually sicken and suffer a slow burn to  their graves, the Pentagon will, as it did after Gulf  War I, deny that their misery and death is a result of  their tour in Iraq.

 

 Dr. Rokke's candor has cost him his career. Likewise,  Dr. Durakovic's radiation studies on Gulf War I vets  were not popular with U.S. officials. Dr. Durakovic  was reportedly told his life was in danger if he  continued his research. He left the U.S. to continue  his research abroad.27

 

 Naive young coalition soldiers now in Iraq are likely  unaware of how deadly their battlefield environment  is. Gulf War I troops were kept in ignorance. Soldiers handled DU   fragments and some wore these lethal nuggets around their necks. A DU   projectile emits more radiation in five hours than allowed in an   entire year under civilian radiation exposure standards. "We  didn't know any better," Kris Kornkven told Nation  magazine. "We didn't find out until long after we were  home that there even was such a thing as DU."28

 

 George Bush's ongoing war in Afghanistan is also a  nuclear war. Shortly after 9-11, the U.S. announced it  would stockpile tactical nuclear weapons including  small neutron bombs, nuclear mines and shells suited  to commando warfare in Afghanistan.29 In late  September, 2001, Bush and Russian president Vladimir  Putin agreed that the U.S. would use tactical nuclear  weapons in Afghanistan while Putin would employ  nuclear weapons against the Chechnyans.30

 

 Describing the Pentagon's B-61-11 burrowing nuke bomb,  George Smith writes in the Village Voice: "Built ram  tough with a heavy metal casing for smashing through  the earth and concrete, the B-61 explodes with the  force of an estimated 340,000 tons of TNT. It is lots  of bang for the buck, literally two apocalypse bombs  in one, a boosted plutonium firecracker called the  primary and a heavy hydrogen secondary for that good old-fashioned   H-bomb fireball."31

 

 Drought-stricken Afghanistan's underground water  supply is now contaminated by these nuclear weapons.32 Experts with   the Uranium Medical Research Center report that urine samples of   Afghanis show the highest level of uranium ever recorded in a civilian  population. Afghani soldiers and civilians are  reported to have died after suffering intractable  vomiting, severe respiratory problems, internal  bleeding and other symptoms consistent with radiation  poisoning. Dead birds still perched in trees are found  partially melted with blood oozing from their  mouths.33

 

 Afghanistan's new president, Hamid Karzai, is a puppet installed by   Washington. Under the protection of American soldiers, Karzai's regime   is setting a new record for opium production. Both UN and U.S. reports  confirm that the huge Afghani opium harvest of 2002  makes Afghanistan the world's leading opium  producer.34 Thanks to nuclear weapons, Afghanistan is  now safe for the Bush-Cheney narcotics industry.35 ABC  News asserts that keeping the "peace" in Afghanistan  will require decades of allied occupation.36 For years  to come, "peacekeepers" will be eating, drinking and  breathing the "hot" carcinogenic pollution they have  helped the Pentagon inflict upon that nation for  organized crime.

 

 As governor of Arkansas during the Iran-Contra era,  Bill Clinton laundered $multi-millions in cocaine  profits for then vice-president George Bush Sr.37 As a partner in the   Bush family's notorious crime machine, President Clinton committed   U.S. troops to NATO's campaign in the Balkans, a prime heroin   production and trans-shipment area. DOD's campaign to control and  reorganize the drug trade there for the Bush mafia was  yet another nuclear project.

 

 For years, the U.S. and NATO fired DU missiles,  bullets and shells across the Balkans, nuking the  peoples of Serbia, Bosnia and Kosovo. As DU munitions  were slammed into chemical plants, the environment  became hideously toxic, also endangering the peoples  of Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Italy, Austria and  Hungary. By 1999, UN investigators reported that an  estimated 12 tons of DU had caused irreparable damage  to the Yugoslavian environment, with agriculture,  livestock and air water, and public health all  profoundly damaged.38

 

 Scientists confirm that citizens of the Balkans are  excreting uranium in their urine.39 In 2001, a  Yugoslavian pathologist reported that hundreds of  Bosnians have died of cancer from NATO's DU  bombardment.40 Many NATO peacekeepers in the Balkans  now suffer ill health. Their leukemias, cancers and  other maladies are dubbed the "Balkans Syndrome."  Richard Coghill predicts that DU weapons used in  Balkans campaign will result in at least 10,000 cases  of fatal cancer.41

 

 U.S. citizens at home are also paying a heavy price  for criminal militarism gone mad. DOD is a pollution  monster. The General Accounting Office (GAO) found  9,181 dangerous military sites in USA that will  require $billions to rehabilitate. The GAO reports  that DOD has been both slothful and deceitful in its  clean-up obligations.42 The Pentagon is now pressing  Congress to exempt it from all environmental laws so  that it may pollute and poison free from liability.43

 

 The Navy uses prime fishing grounds off the coast of Washington state   to test fire DU ammunition. In January, Washington State Rep. Jim   McDermott chastised the Navy: "On one hand you have required soldiers   to have DU safety training and to wear protective gear  when handling DU...and submarines must stay clear of  DU-contaminated waters. These policies indicate there  is cause for concern....On the other hand the  Department of Defense has repeatedly denied that DU  poses any danger whatsoever. There has been no remorse  about leaving tons of DU equipment in the soil in  foreign countries, and there appears to be no remorse  about leaving it in the waters of your own country."44

 

  DU has been used in military practice maneuvers in  Indiana, Florida, New Mexico, Massachusetts, Maryland  and Puerto Rico. After the Navy tested DU weaponry on  the Puerto Rican island of Vieques, one third of the  island's population developed serious illness. Many  people show high levels of uranium in their bodies.  Hundreds have filed a class action suit against the  Navy for $100 million, claiming DU contamination has  caused widespread cancers.45

 

 The Navy's Fallon Naval Air Station near Fallon,  Nevada, is a quagmire of 26 toxic waste sites. It is  also a target practice zone for DU bombs and missiles.  Area residents report bizarre illnesses, including 17 children who   have contracted leukemia within five years. A survey of groundwater in   the Fallon area showed nearly half of area wells are contaminated with  radioactive materials.46

 

 The materials for DU weaponry have been processed  mainly at three nuclear plants in Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee, where   workers handling uranium contaminated with plutonium have suffered for   decades with cancers and debilitating maladies similar to Gulf War  Syndrome.47

 

 Emboldened by power-grabbing successes made possible  by his administration's devious 9-11 project,  President Bush asserts that the U.S. has the right to  attack any nation it deems a potential threat. He told  West Point in 2002, "If we wait for threats to fully materialize, we   will have waited too long."48 Thus, it is certain that Bush-Cheney   future pre-emptive nuclear wars are lined up like idling jetson a   runway. Both Cheney's Halliburton Corp. and the Bush family's  Carlyle Group are profiteers in U.S. defense  contracts, so endless war is just good business.49

 

 The Washington Post reported that the Pentagon will  create special nuclear weapons for use on North  Korea's underground nuclear facilities.50 Next August,  U.S. war makers will meet to consolidate plans for a  new generation of "mini," "micro" and "tiny" nuclear  bombs and bunker busters. These will be added to the  U.S. arsenal perhaps for use against non-nuclear  third-world nations such as Iran, Syria, Lebanon.51

 

 The solution? Americans must stop electing ruthless  criminals to rule this nation. We must convince fellow citizens that   villains like Saddam Hussein are made in the U.S. as rationale for   endless corporate war profits. Saddam was placed in power by the   CIA.52 For years U.S. government agencies, under auspices of  George Bush Sr., supplied him with chemical and  biological weapons.53 Our national nuclear  laboratories, along with Unisys, Dupont and  Hewlett-Packard, sold Saddam materials for his nuclear  program.54 Dick Cheney was CEO of Halliburton in the  late 90s when its subsidiaries signed $73 million in  new contracts to further supply Saddam.55 The wicked  villain of Iraq was nurtured for decades as a cash-cow  by U.S. military-industrial piranhas.

 

 If America truly supports its troops, it must stop  sending them into nuclear holocaust for the enrichment  of thugs. Time is running out. If the DU-maniacs at  the Pentagon and their coven of nuclear arms peddlers  are not harnessed, America will have no able-bodied  fighting forces left. All people of the earth will  become grossly ill, hideously deformed and short-  lived. We must succeed in the critical imperative to  face reality and act decisively. Should we fail, there  will be no place to hide from Bush-Cheney's merciless  nuclear orgies yet to come or from the inevitable  nuclear retaliation these orgies will surely breed.

 

 Endnotes

 

 1."DOD Launches Depleted Uranium Training," Linda  Kozaryn, American Forces Press Service, 8-13-99.

 

 2."Nukes of the Gulf War,"John Shirley, Zess@aol.com.  See this article in archives at www.gulfwarvets.com.

 

 3. BBC News, "US To Use Depleted Uranium," March 18,  2003; U.S. General Accounting Office, Operation Desert  Storm: "Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and  Abrams," 1-2-92.

 

 4."Nukes of the Gulf War," op. cit.

 

 5. Ibid.

 

 6. "Invading Hiroshima," William Thomas, 2-4-2003, www.willthomas.net

 

 7. "US Shells Leave Lethal Legacy," Toronto Star, July  31, 1999; also "Radiation Tests for Peacekeepers in  the Balkans Exposed to Depleted Uranium," www.telegraph.co.uk,   12-31-02.

 

 8. "Depleted Uranium May Stop Kidneys In Days," Rob  Edwards, New Scientist.com, 3-12-02; also "Uranium  Weapons Too Hot to Handle," Rob Edwards, New  Scientist.co.uk, 6-9-99.

 

 9. "Navy Seeks Cash for More Tomahawks," David Rennie  in Washington, Telegraph Group Limited, 1-4-03, news.telegraph.co.uk.

 

 10. "Going Nuclear in Iraq--DU Cancers Mount Daily,"  Ramzi Kysia, CounterPunch.org, 12-31-01.

 

 11."Depleted Uranium Symptoms Match US Report As Fears Spread," Peter   Beaumont, The Observer (UK) 1-14-01, www.guardianlimited.co.uk.

 

 12. "Gulf War Illnesses Affect 300,000 Vets," Ellen  Tomson, Pioneer Press, www.pioneerplanet.com. See also American Gulf   War Veterans Association at www.gulfwarvets.com.

 

 13. "2 of Every 5 Gulf War Vets Are On Disability:  209,000 Make VA Claims," World Net Daily, 1-28-03, WorldNetDaily.com.

 

 14. "Research on Sick Gulf Vets Revisited, "New York  Times, 1-29-01; "Tests Show Gulf War Victims Have  Uranium Poisoning," Jonathon Carr-Brown and Martin Meissonnier, The   Sunday Times (UK) 9-3-02.

 

 15. "Catastrophe: Ill Gulf Vets Contaminated Partners  With DU," The Halifax Herald Limited, Clare Mellor,  2-09-01. This article is available in archives at www.rense.com.

 

 16. "Iraqi Cancer, Birth Defects Blamed on US Depleted Uranium,"   Seattle Post- Intelligencer, 11-12-02; "US Depleted Uranium Yields   Chamber of Horrors in Southern Iraq, Andy Kershaw, The Independent   (London) 12-4-01.

 

 17. "The Environmental and Human Health Impacts of the  Gulf War Region with Special References to Iraq," Ross Mirkarimi, The   Arms Control Research Centre, May 1992. See also Gulf War Syndrome   Birth Defects in Iraq at   www.web-light.nl/VISIE/extremedeformities.html.

 

 18. "The Tiny Victims of Desert Storm, Has Our Country Abandoned   Them?," Life Magazine, November 1995; "Birth Defects Killing Gulf War   Babies," Los Angeles Times, 11-14-94; "Depleted Uranium, The Lingering   Poison," Alex Kirby, BBC News Online, 6-7-99.

 

 19. "Depleted Uranium, A Killer Disaster," Travis  Dunn, Disaster News.net, 12-29-02.

 

 20. San Francisco Chronicle, 10-10-02.

 

 21. "US To Use Depleted Uranium," BBC News, 3-18-03.

 

 22. "Depleted Uranium Symptoms Match US Report As  Fears Spread," Peter Beaumont, The Observer (UK)  1-14-01.

 

 23. "Iraqi Cancer, Birth Defects Blamed on US Depleted Uranium,"   Seattle Post- Intelligencer, 11-12-02.

 

 24. "US To Use Depleted Uranium," BBC News, 3-18-03.

 

 25. US Army Environmental Policy Institute: Health and Environmental   Consequences of Depleted Uranium in the U.S. Army, Technical Report,   June 1995.

 

 26. "Pentagon Depleted Uranium No Health Risk," Dr.  Doug Rokke, 3-15-03; also "The Terrible, Tragic Toll  of Depleted Uranium," Address by Dr. Rokke before congressional   leaders in Washington, D.C.,12-30-02; also "Gulf War Casualties," Dr.   Doug Rokke, www.traprockpeace.org. 9-30-02.

 

 27."Tests Show Gulf War Victims Have Uranium  Poisoning," Sunday Times (UK), Jonathon Carr-Brown and  Martin Meissonnier, 9-3-00.

 

 28. "The Pentagon's Radioactive Bullet: An  Investigative Report," Bill Mesler, The Nation,  5-28-99, see www.thenation.com/  issue/961021/1021mesl.htm.

 

 29. "Tactical Nukes Deployed In Afghanistan," World  Net Daily, 10-7-01. 30. Ibid.

 

 31. "The B-61 Bomb,The Burrowing Nuke" George Smith,VillageVoice.com   12-29-02.; also "Bunker-busting US Tactical Nuclear Bombs, Nowhere to   Hide," Kennedy Grey, Wired.com, 10-9-01.

 

 32."Perpetual Death From America," Mohammed Daud  Miraki, Afghan-American Interviews, 2-24-03; also  "Dying of Thirst," Fred Pearce, New Scientist,  11-17-2001.

 

 33. Ibid.

 

 34. "Afghanistan Displaces Myanmar as Top Heroin  Producer," Agence France-Presse, 3-01-03. This article  is at www.copvcia.com.;also "Opium Trade Flourishing  In the `New Afghanistan,'" Reuters, 3-3-03.

 

 35. "The Bush-Cheney Drug Empire," Michael C. Ruppert,  Nexus Magazine, February-March 2000; The Politics of  Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade,  Alfred W. McCoy, Lawrence Hill & Co., revised edition  due May 2003; Drugging of America, Rodney Stich,  Diablo Western Press, 1999; "Blood for Oil, Drugs for  Arms," Bob Djurdjevic, Truth In Media, April 2000,   www.truthinmedia.org. 36. ABC News, February 27, 2003.

 

  37. Compromised, Clinton Bush and the CIA, Terry Reed  and John Cummings, S.P.I. Books, 1994; The Clinton  Chronicles and The Mena Cover-up, Citizens for Honest Government,   1996; "The Crimes of Mena, Grey Money," Ozark Gazette, 1995 (see   www.copvcia.com.)

 

 38. "Damage to Yugoslav Environment is Immense, Says a  UN Report," Bob Djurdjevic, 7-4-99, truthinmedia.org.  This report was submitted to the UN Security Council  on June 9, 1999; also, "New Depleted Uranium Study  Shows Clear Damage," BBC News,8-28-99; also "NATO  Issued Warning About Toxic Ammo," Associated Press,  01-08-01.

 

 39. CounterPunch.org, 12-28-01.

 

 40. "Hundreds Died of Cancer After DU  Bombing--Doctor," Reuters, 1-13-01.

 

 41."Depleted Uranium Threatens Balkan Cancer  Epidemic," BBC News, 7-30-99.

 

 42. "Many Defense Sites Still Hazardous," Associated  Press, 9-24-02; also Old US Weapons Called Hidden  Danger, Los Angeles Times, 11-25-02.

 

 43. "Pentagon Seeks Freedom to Pollute Land, Air and  Sea," Andrew Gumbel in L.A., 3-13-03, Independent  Digital (UK) Ltd.

 

 44. "Radioactive DU Ammo Is Tested in Fish Areas,"  Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1-11-03; Letter from Rep. McDermott to   Department of the Navy: see "Navy Fired DU Rounds Into Waters Off   Coast of Washington," 1-20-03, rense.com.

 

 45."Cancer Rates Soar From US Military Use of DU On `Enchanted   Island,'" www.telegraph.co.uk, 2-5-01; also "Navy Shells With Depleted   Uranium Fired in Puerto Rico," Fox News Online, 5-28-99.

 

 46. "The Fallon, NV Cancer Cluster And a US Navy  Bombing," Jeffrey St. Clair, CounterPunch.org,  8-10-02.

 

 47. "DU Shells Are Made of A Potentially Lethal  Cocktail of Nuclear Waste," Jonathon Carr-Brown,   www.sunday-times.co.uk, 1-22-01.

 

 48. "Preventative War Sets Perilous Precedent," Helen  Thomas, Hearst Newspapers, 3-20-03.

 

 49. PIGS at the Trough, Arriana Huffington, Random  House, 2003 (New York Times best seller.); also "The  Best Enemies Money Can Buy, From Hitler to Saddam  Hussein to Osama bin Laden Insider Connections and the  Bush Family's Partnership With Killers of Americans;"  Mike Ruppert, From the Wilderness,10-10-01; also "Bush  Sr.'s Carlyle Group Gets Fat on War and Conflict,"  Jamie Doward, The Observer (UK), 3-25-03; also  "Halliburton Wins Contract for Iraq Oil Firefighting, Reuters, 3-7-03;   also "Cashing In-Fortunes in Profits Await Bush Circle After Iraq War,   Andrew Gumbel, The Independent (London) 9-15-02; also "War Could Be   Big Business for Halliburton," Reuters, 3-23-03.

 

 50. "Pentagon Seeks a Nuclear Digger," Washington  Post, March 10, 2003.

 

 51. "Remember: Bush Planed Iraq War Before Taking  Office," Neil Mackay, The Sunday Herald (UK) 3-27-03;  also "US Mini-Nukes Alarm Scientists," The Guardian  (UK) 4-18-01; also "US Nuclear First-Strike Plan--It  Keeps Getting Scarier, Jeffrey Steinberg, Executive Intelligence   Review, 2-24-03.

 

 52. Wall Street Journal, 8-16-90: The CIA supported  the Baath Party and installed Hussein as Iraqi  dictator in 1968.

 

 53. "United States Dual-Use Exports to Iraq and Their  Impact on the Health of Persian Gulf War Veterans,"  Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban  Affairs, 1992, 1994; "U.S. Had Key Role in Iraq  Buildup," Washington Post, 12-30-02.

 

 54. "US Government, 24 US Corps Illegally Helped Iraq  Build Its WMD," Hugh Williamson in Berlin, Financial  Times, 12-19-02; "Full List of US Weapons Suppliers To  Iraq," Anu de Monterice, coachanu@earthlink.net,  12-19-02.

 

 55. Huffington, op. cit.

 

 Amy Worthington is a reporter for The Idaho Observer   Observer@coldreams.com